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Pulmonary Embolism What’s normal ? For further details on CTPA please see specific section on CTPA and CT angiogram. In summary, the contrast helps to enhance the outline of the vessels. The normal CTPA has continuous flow of hyper-attenuated contrast within the vasculature of pulmonary artery (PA) and its branches. Figure 1: CT chest without

Azizi Azizan
January 5, 2026

Endotracheal Tube (ETT) The optimal position of ETT can be assessed with CXR. The idea is that you want the tip to be just in between the carina and the vocal cord. Most sources recommend to position the tip of the ETT about 5-7 cm from the carina. Although personally, I try not go higher

Azizi Azizan
January 1, 2026

Limitation of Portable CXR Portable Chest X-ray (CXR) in ICU vs. formal CXR in radiology suite What are the differences? Why it matters? Firstly, portable CXR in ICU is done in Anterior-Posterior (AP) position as compared to Posterior-Anterior. If you ask any medical student what’s the difference, the first thing they would say is 

Azizi Azizan
December 24, 2025